Sociology of Developing Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Humanism of Developing Countries - Essay Example The arrangement of the work advertise in the nation is a contributing variable in ethnic clashes in the nation. The White pilgrims in the nation are a piece of the minority gathering yet they possess and rule work in the favored activity classes. This is an away from of the racial inclination given to certain ethnic gatherings in the nation. The work showcase in the nation is slanted towards enlisting co-ethnics for the favored business openings to the detriment of other ethnic gatherings (Coppin and Olsen, 1998). The human capital winning in Trinidad and Tobago is another contributing component in the ethnic clashes in the country. The Indians and Africans, who comprise the bigger ethnic gathering, structure the prevailing work power with a portrayal of over 80%. The other ethnic gatherings, aside from the Africans and Indians, have low salary profit in view of their arrangement from the work power. Coppin and Olsen (1998) express that occupants in the nation with light complexion shading were enlisted for work with low capabilities contrasted with their partners with brown complexion shading. The financial status in the nation is related with the conjugal status and arrangement. The conjugal status of individuals contrasts by ethnicity and along these lines marriage might be a contributing variable in the ethnic clashes in the nation by broadening the ethnicity edge (Olsen, 2009). The outside mediations may not be important for the individuals of Trinidad and Tobago. This methodology may additionally irritate the ethnic distinction that the nation is battling to connect. Anxieties regularly happen when a few ethnic gatherings remain in nearness. The methodology that the general public uses to determine the distinctions changes and may represent the moment of truth it. Trinidad and Tobago has utilized the inward systems effectively to control and deal with the ethnic contrasts among the

The United States Constitution Free Essays

The United States Constitution is the archive that is answerable for the creation of the United States government that we are aware of today. The essential objective of the Constitution was to build up an administration in which the United States residents could be represented. The seven principals of the Constitution were built up as rules and constraints of intensity that the new government needed to follow to guarantee that force was not manhandled, similarly shared, and in the best advantage of the individuals. We will compose a custom paper test on The United States Constitution or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now They included famous sway, republicanism, federalism, partition of forces, balanced governance, constrained government, and individual rights. Every one of these principals assume a urgent job to guarantee that the administration can advance general government assistance, set up equity, that the freshly discovered government was made to last. Well known power is the head of popular government wherein political authority is given to the hands of the individuals. This is significant in light of the fact that it enables individuals to settle on choices all alone and permits individuals as a gathering to practice their control over the administration. A case of well known sway is the manner by which Americans have the decision for interest in races and to decide on laws. I accept this is significant provided that the force was not given to the individuals than the people’s rights would not be secured, their necessities and needs would not be heard, and there would be no majority rule government. Republicanism is the key that expresses that residents are to be given a decision to decide in favor of agents in which would complete the people’s needs. This chief relates straightforwardly with the well known sway head on the grounds that for somebody to have the option to decide in favor of whoever they pick, that individual would of must be given the option to settle on choices individuals the force has a place with the individuals. I accept this is significant supposing that the individuals were not given the option to pick who goes into office, the legislature would inevitably dominate and afterward America would not be as we probably am aware as a popular government. Federalism, in short terms, is the sharing of the force between the state and national government. This was built up for the explanation being of the state were to deal with to issues of nearby and lesser issues, for example, state business and government assistance while the national government can deal with greater issues, for example, the arrangement between different nations and national chapter 11. I like to believe that the foundation of the federalism chief is significant in light of the fact that minor issues won’t be taken to the national level while they can concentrate on something increasingly significant. The partition of forces chief isolated the intensity of the administration into three unique branches. This was an unquestionable requirement for the designers since they didn’t need one gathering to hold an excessive amount of intensity. Those three branches incorporated the official branch, administrative branch, and the legal branch. Each branch was given various duties to do in the administration just as control over different branches. This chief is significant in light of the fact that it doesn’t permit one branch to overwhelm another branch, keeps a branch from preforming another branches errand, and it additionally permits all the branches to beware of the others when fundamental. The governing rules chief compares legitimately with the partition of forces head. The composers needed the three branches to have the option to confine each other’s controls with the goal that each branch can just have command over their given force just as to ensure that that each branch is dealt with reasonably. This is significant in light of the fact that this chief ensures the freedoms of the individuals guaranteeing them that one branch can't turn out to be excessively amazing. Constrained government is the essential that confines the intensity of which the administration can hold. This chief likewise falls into terms saying that nobody is exempt from the laws that apply to everyone else, implying that even government pioneers are not given the position to mishandle their forces since they also can be indicted for their activities. This as I would see it is one of the most significant principals since it doesn’t permit anybody to pull off overwhelming the administration which ensures that the people groups rights and freedoms can be secured just as government agents can't sidestep any laws for their own advantage. The last head of the Constitution is singular rights. This chief offers insurance to all residents of their essential rights and freedoms in which are expressed as the initial ten revisions of the constitution known as the Bill of Rights, protecting individuals from an excessively incredible government. A model from the Bill of Rights incorporates the privilege of the right to speak freely of discourse and religion. This permits a person to rehearse any religion that they pick just as to take a stand in opposition to or for anything that they may please. This chief is significant in light of the fact that it gives residents the intensity of specific opportunities without the impedance of the legislature. The approval of the Constitution was a long and beast process however at long last brought a newly discovered type of government that has demonstrated to be fruitful and is as a result right up 'til the present time. The most effective method to refer to The United States Constitution, Papers

How the Process of Homeostasis Works

How the Process of Homeostasis Works Theories Behavioral Psychology Print How the Process of Homeostasis Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on December 06, 2019 Cultura Science / GIPhotoStock / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Homeostasis refers to the bodys need to reach and maintain a certain state of equilibrium. The term is often used to refer to the bodys tendency to monitor and maintain internal states such as temperature and energy levels at fairly constant and stable levels. A Closer Look at Homeostasis The term homeostasis was first coined by a psychologist named Walter Cannon in 1926. The term, homeostasis, refers to an organisms ability to regulate various physiological processes to keep internal states steady and balanced. These processes take place mostly without our conscious awareness. Our internal regulatory systems have what is known as a set point for a variety of things. This is much like the thermostat in your house or the A/C system in your car. Once set at a certain point, these systems work to keep the internal states at these levels. When the temperature levels drop in your house, your furnace will turn on and warm things up to the preset temperature. In the same way, if something is out of balance in your body, a variety of physiological reactions will kick in until the setpoint is once again reached. Homeostasis Involves Three Key Features 1. A clear set point 2. The ability to detect deviations from this set point 3. Behavioral and physiological responses designed to return the body to the set point Your body has set points for a variety of things including temperature, weight, sleep, thirst, and hunger. One prominent theory of human motivation, known as drive reduction theory, suggests that homeostatic imbalances create needs. This need to restore balance drives people to perform actions that will return the body to its ideal state. How Does the Body Regulate Temperature? When you think about homeostasis, the temperature might come to mind first. It is one of the most important and obvious homeostatic systems. All organisms, from large mammals to tiny bacteria, must maintain an ideal temperature in order to survive. Some factors that influence this ability to maintain a stable body temperature include how these systems are regulated as well as the overall size of the organism. Some creatures, known as endotherms or warm-blooded animals, accomplish this via internal physiological processes. Birds and mammals (including humans) are endotherms. Other creatures are ectotherms (aka cold-blooded) and rely on external sources to regulate their body temperature. Reptiles and amphibians are both ectotherms. The colloquial terms warm-blooded and cold-blooded do not actually mean that these organisms have different blood temperatures. These terms simply refer to how these creatures maintain their internal body temperatures. Homeostasis is also influenced by an organisms size, or more specifically, the surface-to-volume ratio.  Larger creatures have a much greater body volume, which causes them to produce more body heat. Smaller animals, on the other, produce less body heat but also have a higher surface-to-volume ratio. They lose more body heat than they produce, so their internal systems must work much harder to maintain steady body temperature. Behavioral and Physiological Responses As mentioned earlier, homeostasis involves both physiological and behavioral responses. In terms of behavior, you might seek out warm clothes or a patch of sunlight if you start to feel chilly. When you start to feel chilled, you might also curl your body inward and keep your arms tucked in close to your body to keep in the heat. As endotherms, people also possess a number of internal systems that help regulate body temperature. As you probably already know, humans have a body temperature set point of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. When your body temperature dips below this point, it sets off a number of physiological reactions to help restore balance. Blood vessels in the bodys extremities constrict in order to prevent heat loss. Shivering also helps the body produce more heat. The body also responds when temperatures go above 98.6 degrees. Have you ever noticed how your skin becomes flushed when you are very warm? This is your body trying to restore temperature balance. When you are too warm, your blood vessels dilate in order to give off more body heat. Perspiration is another common way to reduce body heat, which is why you often end up flushed and sweaty on a very hot day.

Identify an Unknown - Experiment With Chemical Reactions

One exciting aspect of chemistry is that it explores how substances combine to form new ones. While a chemical reaction involves change, the atoms that are the basic building blocks of matter arent changed. They simply recombine in new ways. Students can explore how chemical reactions can be used to help identify the products of chemical reactions. Rather than randomly mix chemicals together, using the scientific method can help better understand what is occurring. Overview Students will learn about the scientific method and will explore chemical reactions. Initially, this activity allows students to use the scientific method to examine and identify a set of (nontoxic) unknown substances. Once the characteristics of these substances are known, the students can use the information to drawinference to identify unknown mixtures of these materials. Time Required: 3 hours or three one-hour sessions Grade Level: 5-7 Objectives To practice using the scientific method. To learn how to record observations and apply the information to perform more complex tasks. Materials Each group will need: plastic cupsmagnifying glass4 unknown powders in 4 plastic baggies:sugarsaltbaking sodacorn starch For the entire class: watervinegarheat sourceiodine solution Activities Remind students that they should never taste an unknown substance. Review the steps of the scientific method. Although the unknown powders are similar in appearance, each substance has characteristic properties that make it distinguishable from the other powders. Explain how the students can use their senses to examine the powders and record properties. Have them use sight (magnifying glass), touch, and smell to examine each powder. Observations should be written down. Students may be asked to predict the identity of the powders. Introduce heat, water, vinegar, and iodine. Explain the concepts chemical reactions and chemical change. A chemical reaction takes place when new products are made from the reactants. Signs of a reaction could include bubbling, temperature change, color change, smoke, or change in odor. You may wish to demonstrate how to mix chemicals, apply heat, or add indicator. If desired, use containers with labeled volume measurements to introduce students to the importance of recording quantities used in a scientific investigation. Students can put a specified amount of powder from the baggie into a cup (e.g., 2 scoops), then add vinegar or water or indicator. Cups and hands are to be washed between experiments. Make a chart with the following: What was the appearance of each powder?What happened when water was added to each powder?What happened when vinegar was added to each powder?Did all powders produce the same response?What happened when iodine solution was added to each powder?Why do you think this happened?If you predicted the identity of the powders, were your predictions correct? If not, how were they different?What are true identities of the mystery powders A-D?How did you determine the correct answer?Now, give the students a mystery powder made up using at least two of the four pure subtances. They are to test this mixture using the procedures they used on the pure substances. In addition, they may wish to design new experiments.AssessmentStudents may be evaluated on their ability to correctly identify the final unknown mixture. Points may be awarded for teamwork, staying on task, submission of data or a lab report, and ability to follow directions and follow safety rules.

When Worlds Collide Essay - 757 Words

When Worlds Collide The world of Beowulf and that of modern America have some interesting similarities. The Anglo- Saxon belief in wyrd, or fate, is alive and well in the 21st century. Like the Anglo- Saxons, our culture regards the crime of killing one’s own kin or family to be the most heinous of all. Americans love entertainment just as much as the Anglo- Saxons of Beowulf’s time did. Of course, with our modern technology like movies, television, and the Internet, we are allowed to experience many more methods of enjoyment than medieval people were able to enjoy. However, their culture is remembered through portions of our popular culture. Within its pages, Beowulf contains the notion of†¦show more content†¦In Beowulf, Hrothgar refers to the story of Heremod, an evil king who kills his own people, and in turn his people finally kill him: â€Å"He lived joyless to suffer the pain of that strife, the long- lasting harm of the people.†(p.30) In our society, the weight of a crime against one’s own family is a heavy one as well. The Andrea Yates case is one such incident that has gripped the country’s attention by the sheer unbelievable nature of the crime. Yates’ drowning her own children has shocked the entire nation. According to psychiatrist Phillip Resnick, who testified on Tuesday, March 5, â€Å"Yates knew she was legally wrong when she killed her children in the bathtub on June 20th.†(NBC) However, she murdered them anyway, and regardless of her mental state, it is hard to forgive or even understand this crime. Like the Anglo- Saxons’ culture, American society beli eves that the family unit is most important part of our civilization and it is unthinkable to harm anyone in ones own family. Our society loves entertainment just as much as the Anglo- Saxons did. Warriors would sit around the mead- hall listening to the scops spinning their tales and hearing of the feats of their heroes. Modern Americans go to movies and love to watch television shows, especially those with hero themes. Movies like Gladiator and The Patriot are excellent examples of this style of storytelling with larger than life heroes who perform amazing acts to save others. We also payShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Global Warming1036 Words   |  4 Pageswarmer†? The sun isn’t getting hotter; the world isn’t traveling closer to the sun. Global warming is when rapid moving particles collide more and more with other rapid moving particles and are trapped by the atmosphere’s thick layer of gas molecules. As more heat is trapped, particles that are in earth’s atmosphere collide with each other. As more collisions are present, the average kinetic energy which is the avera ge speed at which the particles collide with one another increases therefore the temperatureRead MoreCauses of Global Warming816 Words   |  3 Pagesmassive amounts of natural gases that affect the world in many ways. These gas particles that move rapidly and constantly collide with the atmosphere. This causes the air on Earth to contain higher kinetic energy due to the fact that more gas particles from the natural gases are colliding with the air particles. The higher kinetic energy results in higher temperature and heating of Earth’s surface. The heating of the Earth’s surface causes many of the world problems that we have today. As more and moreRead MoreThe Universe: Ways in which Galaxies Interact Among Each Other892 Words   |  4 Pagesare, in fact, interacting with one another in a sort of cosmic pinball. There are many ways that galaxies interact with one another and some ways are better than others. A merger is one of the more violent of interactions, it occurs when two galaxies collide. They do not have the momentum to keep going and fall into one another eventually merging together completely ( Astronomy, 2009). The Antennae Galaxy is a swell example of a merger. The clash between the two has been extremely violent asRead MoreWorldview Analysis (Judaism) Essay example1543 Words   |  7 Pagessummation of the â€Å"13 Articles of Faith† is there is only one God and He is unique and eternal; Moses was the greatest of all the prophets and both the oral and written Torah were given to him; God knows man’s deeds and thoughts; there will be a day when the Messiah will return and there will be a resurrection of the dead. Contemporary Judaism often speaks of four foundational pillars of the Jewish faith, each interacting as a major force as part of the covenant: (1) the Torah, always a living lawRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1143 Words   |  5 Pagesdon’t adapt to new changes very often experience many negative consequences. In Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe shows that when cultures collide and there is a refusal to change many negative consequences will follow as evidenced through the book, the spread of Islam, and Christianity in present day Nigeria. Achebe’s text does indeed show how when cultures collide and there is refusal to change, there will be many negative consequences. First, one character, Okonkwo refuses to convert toRead More The Physics of Automobile Accidents Essay examples580 Words   |  3 Pagesenergy is always conserved. Nearly all of the kinetic energy is transferred from the first object to the second. Thus, when two cars collide, all the kinetic energy would be conserved; no energy would be lost. The objects in an elastic collision â€Å"bounce† apart when they collide. The only time that an elastic collision occurs in an automobile accident is when the vehicles collide at a slow speed. In an inelastic collision, kinetic energy is not conserved. Some of the kinetic energy is convertedRead MorePlate Tectonics and Landscape1662 Words   |  7 PagesLaurasia, separated by the Tethys Sea. Wegener published this theory in his 1915 book, On the Origin of Continents and Oceans. In it he also proposed the existence of the supercontinent Pangaea, and named it (Pangaea means all the land in Greek). When geologists refer to plate tectonics as a theory, our attention is immediately shifted to all body of knowledge embodying the earths plates (meaning plate structure) as was developed in the 1960s. This theory explains the movement of the EarthsRead MoreThe Firstborn by Jack Davis1231 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Firstborn†, a poem by Aboriginal author Jack Davis, enables the reader to determine the poem as a graphic protest about the extinction of and discrimination against the Australian Indigenous people, and the loss of their ethnicity, as their world collides with the Western culture. By focussing on my understanding of both generic conventions and author’s context, I am able to conclude that the poem concerns a tragedy within the Aboriginal community. To understand a poem, it is important to recognizeRead MoreCulture And Cultural Identity703 Words   |  3 Pages Culture is a big influence on people’s perspective on how they view others and the world. When a person grows inside a culture, it shapes who they are. In â€Å"What is Cultural Identity† it explains why culture is influential. While in the short story â€Å"Where Worlds Collide† there is newcomers from another country that come to America and there’s all these new rules that they don’t understand. They are not from America, To us the rules are normal, to them they are strange and new. Another example ofRead MoreGlobalization and European Integration: Eroding the Sovereignty of the Nation State in Europe1615 Words   |  7 Pagesin which the constraints of geography on social and cultural arrangements recede and in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding’’ Hague Harrop (2007). Comparative Government and Politics. London: Palgrave. 36. In a modern world where international boundaries are merely geographical it is becoming increasingly difficult for nation states to protect their beliefs and cultures which in fact in the past were seen as the guidelines to how people lived their lives. Although growth

Theories on Resource Curse Free Essays

Introduction The resource curse or excess availability of natural resources presents a particularly interesting analysis when it comes to economics and often underpins many of the policies and theories which can be looked at in relation to how the government can organise its own economic behaviour, so as to achieve long-term economic growth (Acemoglu, 1996). The purpose of this section of the literature review is to look at factors associated with the resource curse. In particular, the explanations of the resource curse and the way in which they may potentially be dealt will be examined, before putting the resource curse into context and then discussing measurement techniques and policy approaches and looking specifically at how these may be used in relation to the resource curse in Libya. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories on Resource Curse or any similar topic only for you Order Now Crucially, it is noted that there is empirical data to suggest that countries with a higher level of natural resources were also seen to be displaying trends of low economic growth (Alexeev and Conrad, 2009). This seemingly presents a potentially interesting point of analysis for those involved in developing policies that will enable a country with a high level of natural resource to achieve a better level of economic growth as a result (Alexeev and Conrad, 2009). In the leading research undertaken by Sachs and Warner (1995, 1999, 2001), it was shown that any nation with very high levels of natural resources would typically find that it has lower economic growth, particularly when the figures are looked at in a whilst taking into account demographic, economic or political differences. At the outset, the work by Sachs and Warner, in 1995, aimed to look at the seeming anomaly that countries with a high level of a specific resource were performing poorly, in terms of economic growth (Michaels, 2011). This issue was later the focus of many different areas of research, with specific case studies being used as a means of establishing why these natural resources were ultimately having a negative impact on overall economic growth. As a result of this, several theories emerged over the years as to why precisely the resource curse has evolved and whether there are different ways in which resources can be viewed so as to potentially reduce the impact of such natural resource excess in a country such as Libya (Bleaney and Nishiyama, 2002). The concept that natural resources may become what was seen to be an economic curse emerged during the 1980s, with the actual terminology â€Å"resource curse† first being used in 1993 (Sachs and Warner, 1995). These theories essentially created an analysis of a counterintuitive situation whereby it was shown that countries with a high level of natural resource were not developing economic growth at the expected rate. A wide variety of studies, notably those by Sachs and Warner (1995) aimed to show the link between natural resources and economic growth, which then led to a wide variety of studies on precisely why this negative relationship appeared to exist (Mauro, 1995). As a result, a wide variety of different theories have been used as a means of describing why this relationship exists. Theories of Resource Curse Although there have been various research projects looking at specific explanations of the resource curse, which will be looked at in more detail below, there has also been a body of research which has looked more generally at the theories of resources and why such situations have emerged, in the first place. Each of these factors will be looked at in turn; however, a brief overview of the theory will provide strong background understanding. Dutch Disease One of the leading explanations to be presented in relation to the resource curse theory is that of the â€Å"Dutch Disease† theory established by Matsuyama (1992), which argues that when an organisation or country specialises in a particular type of resource production, the combination of the specialisation as well as the appreciation of the exchange rate will then result in a decline and will become more conducive to other industries which are not going to lead to the same economic growth (Lutz, 1994). Fundamentally, it is argued that this type of resource curse can lead to other factors such as the industrial sector generally lagging behind as they are not the main driving force within the economy (Fosu, 1996). The underlying notion of this theory is that the level of expansion experienced as a result of the use of natural resources is not going to be large enough to offset the negative effect of failure to industrialise other sectors in order to support central economic growth within the relevant industrial sector. Furthermore, this type of reliance on natural resources can impact on the way in which exports are treated within countries with a high level of natural resources which will be looking towards exporting these natural resources and may even do so in preference to other exports, which could ultimately improve economic growth (Papyrakis and Gerlagh. 2007). The empirical example which was used during the development of the Dutch Disease concept was used by The Economist, in 1977, when it looked towards explaining why there had been such a dramatic decline in the manufacturing sector across the Netherlands, since natural oil fields had been found eighteen years earlier. Research in the area of the Dutch Disease concept has focused on a situation whereby there has been a natural resource discovery, although it is noted that this could potentially be used as the same concept when there is any large inflow of foreign currency. For example, it could be due to substantial foreign investment or a large amount of assistance from abroad (Manzano and Rigobon, 2006). The classical version of Dutch Disease was developed by Corden and Neary (1982), although it is noted that the actual terminology was used previously by The Economist, five years earlier, showing that the notion of Dutch Disease had been in place for several years, even if the underlying reasons and theoretical analysis took a while in being formulated. During the analysis in 1982, the research took on board the fact that certain booming sectors, such as the extraction of oil or the extraction of natural gases, are looked at alongside the lagging sectors, which would seem to be the manufacturing sectors, but also referred to other sectors, such as agriculture, depending on the nature of the country in question (Lederman, and Maloney 2003). However, the fundamentals of the research suggested that there was a booming sector and a lagging sector and again this supports the idea that, although the issues associated with the Dutch Disease have focused on a natural resource boom, including the underlying reason for an economic boom in a given sector (Sala-i-Martin and Subramanian, 2003). During this initial research, it was found that the level of resources can affect the quality of that country, in specific ways. The first being the resource movement affect whereby the resource boom increases demand for labour in that particular sector and labour is therefore diverted away from other sectors into the booming sector. The actual impact of this effect can be variable, depending on the nature of the sectors involved, where the lagging sector has not historically employed a large number of people. The second effect is that of the spending effect, which occurs as a result of the dramatic increase in resources being brought forward by the boom, in any given sector. Moreover, where there is an increased demand for certain non-traded goods, the price of the goods involved will then increase. Despite this, the prices in these sectors are set on an international basis and therefore cannot change, thus causing an increase in the real exchange rate within the country (Sala-i-Mar tin and Subramanian, 2003). Given the potential merit of this argument presented in a relatively rudimentary form, back in the early 1980s, several models of international trade have looked to develop this notion in a bid either to support or disprove the argument that the Dutch Disease theory can be used to explain why resources emerge in countries, such as Libya (Meier and Rauch, 2000). When looking at basic resource-based international trade models, it can be argued that a country will typically specialise in whichever industries have a competitive advantage within the relevant country which is particularly rich in one or more natural resources and which, according to international trade models, would be better off specialising in the extraction and sale of these natural resources. Despite the seeming conflict with these international trade models, theories have been developed around this international trade body, which suggests that specialisation to this extent could be detrimental. For example, where the natural resource begins to dwindle and where there is a downturn in prices, the country cannot then adapt and refocus on the now lagging industries, at a rate which would make it commercially viable. Investment may also be slow from firms, particularly in the lagging sectors, which then creates an even greater gap between the booming and lagging sectors. Research in this area has looked not only at the effect, but also at the large amount of expertise involved in focusing on minimising the impact of Dutch Disease, looking at specific examples of this type of scenario, in a bid to consider how countries such as Libya can look to minimise the effect of Dutch Disease theory, if it begins to emerge within their jurisdiction (Stern, 2008). According to existing research, there are two key ways in which threats associated with the Dutch disease can be reduced. Firstly, the country can look towards slowing down the appreciation of the real exchange rate; and secondly, it can take measures towards boosting the way in which the lagging sector is operating, from a competitive point of view (Auty 2001). For example, the country could attempt to neutralise the revenues from the boom sector by ensuring that not all of the revenues are brought into the country, at once. By maintaining the revenues in some form of funds abroad and then bringing them into the country slowly, this will then reduce the negative effect discussed above, and will reduce the impact on the real exchange rate. This approach can be politically unpopular, as these types of resource booms are often seen as a means of alleviating economic harm in the region, such as poverty. It can also be difficult from a political point of view for those in charge of finan cial resources, at a particular point in time, whowish to secure the future of the government and will typically aim to have a legacy of success and will therefore want to utilise the financial resources available to them. Despite this, there are several examples of these types of wealth funds, such as the government pension fund in Norway, the state oil fund of Azerbaijan and the Future Generations fund, which was established in the state of Kuwait, back in 1976 (Barbier, 2005). The second approach, which is to improve the competitiveness of other sectors, can be done through government investment in specific areas of infrastructure. Linked to this can be the approach of protectionism, although this can potentially worsen the effect of Dutch Disease. This therefore requires careful consideration by the government as to how it is going to protect the lagging sector in such a way that does not result in a false market which is simply not sustainable in the long run (Mehlum et al 2006). Finally, although the existence of Dutch Disease has been readily accepted by various theorists in this area, difficulties do emerge when it comes to actually diagnosing whether or not a particular country is subject to Dutch Disease, at that point in time. Accordingly, improving the relationship between the increase in a particular natural resource and a decline in another sector and a change in the real exchange rate can be difficult, as these trends may actually emerge over a long period in time (Ross, 2001). For example, the Balassa-Samuelson effect refers to the situation whereby productivity increases and has an impact on real exchange rate, this will only go a small way towards explaining and diagnosing whether Dutch Disease is being experienced in an individual country, at that point in time. Even when looking at the location in which the concept of Dutch Disease has emerged in the Netherlands, there is still some debate amongst economists that the decline of the manufacturin g industry in the Netherlands was actually caused by the level of spending on social services and not by a natural resource curse at all. Establishing this link can therefore be a particularly difficult element of diagnosing the Disease and can therefore be a barrier towards putting in place suitable policies to mitigate, or even remove, the impact of Dutch Disease when it does occur (Davis, 2003). As well as the concept of Dutch Disease, there are multiple other factors which could potentially go some way towards explaining the existence of the resource curse, all of which have their own potential merit attached to them. Political Conflict Where a country has an immediate need for economic income often provokes conflict within society, while each entity looks to gain the most out of the natural resources that have been discovered. Conflict is obvious in some jurisdictions, with groups of people openly competing over the natural resources in their region. In many cases, the conflict can be somewhat hidden, with different groups within society all competing secretly for budgetary allocation from the government, thus creating a situation whereby the government finds it harder to operate effectively and is consistently navigating conflict between the various groups (Bannon and Colllier,2003). This theory suggests that a country with a large amount of natural resources may be more susceptible to internal and political conflict. This, in turn, can cause difficulties for the government, when it comes to establishing a strong economic performance and a suitably robust governance structure. For example, research by Bannon and C olllier, in 2003 , suggested that where a country has commodity exports which make up approximately 25% of gross domestic product, it then has a 33% risk of internal political conflict, whereas if it exports just 5% of gross domestic product, the expectation of internal conflict reduces to just 6%. Similarly, research in the area of the resource curse has shown a tendency of naturally rich resource countries to become involved in international conflict, or indeed to be the target of international conflict (Stijns, 2005). Specific examples in recent times include Iran and Kuwait, as well as Libya which has become involved in disputes with its neighbouring region of Chad. Whilst the direct link between international conflict and natural resources remains relatively unproven, the continuous unease within the relationship between Western powers and oil-rich states is evident and certainly supports at least some arguments that a state with a large amount of natural resources will be more susceptible to becoming involved in international conflict. Rent Seeking Further theoretical background that has emerged in the area of the resource curse is that of rent seeking, suggesting that this can be used as a means of ascertaining why there is a negative growth where there is also an abundance of natural resources (Robinson et al., 2006). Rent seeking behaviour, refers to the situation whereby an individual or a particular firm will look towards increasing their own share of wealth available within the country, without necessarily increasing the overall level of wealth experienced by the country as a whole (Baland and Francois, 2000) This can typically be achieved by manipulating regulatory agencies or trying to gain some form of advantage in the market, while placing others at a competitive disadvantage. This type of rent seeking behaviour, particularly from those involved in a high level of management of natural resources can then create a situation whereby those individuals benefit and the overall country does not (Papyrakis and Gerlagh, 2004) . The concept of rent seeking was developed in 1974 by Krueger and, although the modern rent seeking behaviours have little to do with the payment of a lease or property rental, but rather looking at the way in which profits and wages are divided across groups of individuals, by referring to the ways in which they control natural resources. Rent seeking behaviour refers to the attempt by an individual to obtain a proportion of income which is not reflective of their fair portion, by manipulating the environment around them, either socially or economically, in order to extract an excess rent from their activities. This is often seen to be inherently linked to the concept of corruption. Furthermore, where there is an abundance of natural resource being held within the hands of this type of individual, rent seeking behaviour becomes harmful and can result in a monopolistic power being held by a small group of individuals, without necessarily benefiting the overall welfare of the state (To rvik 2002). By looking at the theories associated with rent seeking behaviour, there are substantial negative consequences, which can emerge and could go some way towards explaining why the resource curse can become extremely influential within certain regions. From a theoretical point of view, there is a substantial moral hazard associated with rent seeking behaviour. For example, when individual entrepreneurial tycoons within the natural resource industry are in a position where they can purchase a better regulatory environment at a cheaper rate than they would be able to otherwise, in order improve efficiency within their own operations, there is an incentive to opt towards corruption. This might involve purchasing the regulatory environment that they wish, rather than focusing on becoming more efficient, which would ultimately benefit the whole industry. Where this type of scenario emerges, there is a strong argument that rent seeking behaviour of this nature can potentially have a detriment al impact on the overall production within states. This is because rent seeking behaviour is inherently linked to the reaction of the government and situations which may be deemed to be poor governance and corruption. Rent seeking behaviour in itself, therefore, cannot be used as an explanation for the resource curse. Furthermore, it has been argued by economists, such as Stigilz (2012), that rent seeking behaviour can be used to explain how social inequality of income earners’ living standards emerge in certain countries or regions within countries. Again, whilst this is not directly linked to the rent seeking behaviour causing the resource curse, by taking this theory one step further, it can be argued that rent seeking behaviour creates inequality, whether this be inequality of income for individuals in a country or inequality for the treatment of particular trade sectors, e.g. inequality between the natural resources and the other industries such as manufacturing. Corruption / Governance Issues Volatility within natural resources can create particular challenges for the government in any country where natural resources are the dominant source of income. Simply looking at the price fluctuation of crude oil over the last few decades, it can be seen that the price of crude oil has gone as low as three dollars per barrel and has gone up as high as $145 per barrel. This type of volatility can make it very difficult for any government, or indeed private organisation, to manage its investment and production policies so as to maximise the potential wealth available. When relying on one specific natural resource such as oil or gas that is subject to international price volatility, it can be particularly difficult when it comes to planning debt services in dealing with government planning (Davis, 2003). Even where the government is being astute and transparent, it simply does not have a crystal ball and cannot predict the future in a way that would enable it to hedge bets or to smoot h out any income volatility as a result of the international market (Davis, 2001). Linked to this is the danger that the government will enter into agreements for excessive borrowing, based on the notion that the income will continue to be lucrative and in order to support or improve an aspect of the country such as health of education (Fatas and Mihov, 2003). It may have been prudent at the point at which the debt was taken out, as sudden changes in prices and volatility within the market soon create a situation whereby the government is unable to service the debt it has have entered into. In particular, this was seen to cause problems in Nigeria and Venezuela, where the governments rapidly expanded their level of debt on the back of the oil boom of the 1970s, but then when oil prices dropped in the 1980s, this meant that the governments could no longer make the repayments and the debt spiralled out of control (Fosu, 1996). In a similar way, corruption is perceived to be a potentially strong explanatory factor as to why countries with a large amount of natural resources find themselves with relatively low economic growth, overall (Fosu, 1996). In order for economic policies and growth to be used to assist in this way for long-term growth there has to be a relatively high level of transparent governance. To a large extent, it can be seen as easier to maintain authority through ensuring that resources are allocated to the dominant parties, i.e. those involved in the natural resource industry. As such, the need to build up other infrastructures, such as governance of the other sectors, has notably diminished and the regulatory structure that underlies the economy becomes underdeveloped and unable to deal with the level of income being derived. Corruption within the political parties is also becoming an issue where there is a resource rich country and the politicians are providing for themselves and not the general economy. With offshore tax havens being readily available, politicians are able to conceal this type of commercial gain to such an extent that it simply is not sufficiently transparent (Van der Ploeg, and Poelhekke, 2010). This concern was the subject of a report written by the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee, titled â€Å"Petroleum and Poverty Paradox†. In this report, it was stated that: â€Å"too often, oil money that should go to a nation’s poor ends up in the pockets of the rich, or it may be squandered on grand palaces and massive showcase projects instead of being invested productively†. Lack of Diversification / Lack of Development of Further Resources Finally, there is also a body of research which suggests that the resource curse can be attributed to the lack of attention and investment placed on other sectors (Cotet and Tsui, 2010). More specifically, when the region is producing such a large income stream, naturally, it can be tempting to ignore other areas, and in certain developing countries, the government in question will often rely heavily on the income being derived from natural resources, without planning for the future by developing the infrastructure in such a way that other factors can also evolve alongside the natural resource boom. Also, as it is relatively common for these natural resource industries to achieve a large amount of financial return, but not necessarily to provide a large amount of jobs, it can be the case that education and intellectual knowledge is disregarded (Ding, and Field, 2005). Furthermore, when looking at the human resource element, it can be seen that the natural resources industries will ty pically pay a much higher salary and this will typically attract the more able individuals within the economy to focus on this particular natural resource industry (Ding, and Field, 2005). As a result, many of the more educated individuals who would be capable of showing entrepreneurial activity within other industries may be diverted from the original course of action, in order to hopefully obtain higher salaries within the natural resource industry. This can result in some form of â€Å"brain drain† within the other industries, as more capable individuals naturally gravitate towards the higher paying salaries. As the natural resource industry begins to decline, this creates a real problem for the country, as a whole, because there is insufficient expertise present in the other industries to ensure that they can then develop to such an extent that the overall economy does not suffer (Gylfason, 2001). Resource Curse in Libya Having looked at the various different theories behind the resource curse and in a bid to ascertain whether or not the link between economic growth and high natural resources is somewhat accidental, or based on solid theories, it is helpful to consider the position specifically in Libya. The research theories above go some way towards potentially explaining the existence of the resource curse; however, undertaking a more detailed look at the situation in Libya should offer additional explanatory research as to how the resource curse evolves on a practical level. Research into the position in Libya is clearly important in the context of the wider research being undertaken here. However, it needs to be borne in mind that many of the reports emanating from Libya are likely to be driven by some form of political overtones and therefore there is a need to look at the situation in this context, in order to offer a higher level of objectivity (Tsui, 2011). Reports have suggested that it was grievances and social/economic unrest that actually lead to the revolution experienced in Libya in recent years. Oil resources in the region have allowed the country to accumulate naturally high levels of wealth which have resulted in many of the concerns listed above relating to the resource curse from a theoretical point of view. By the mid-1970s, Libya had an economy that was extremely focused on oil, with a lack of diversification into other sectors and industries, something which is seen to be inherent in the problems and the explanation provided for the lack of economic growth, despite a high level of natural resources (Dollar and Kraay, 2001). Although the upward spiral due to large oil resources remained as a central part of the Libyan economy growth for over 40 years, the revolution clearly demonstrates many of the key components identified as part of the resource curse above. When looking at the situation in Libya, it has been argued that issues of corruption and weak governance has been seen to be central in creating the revolution, which effectively ended the boom period in Libya (Smith, 1976). When looking at the difficulties faced by Libya, in recent years, several different explanations have been provided, many of which are very similar to those used to explain when looking at the resources curse as a more general concept. For example, the development of human capital has become very much centred on the oil industry. This has created a large amount of inequality between those individuals who are sufficiently educated to engage with the oil industry and those who are not. This type of display in inequality has resul ted in an extremely under-developed economy in all aspects other than the oil industry itself (Wheeler, 1984). Unsurprisingly, the dramatic decline and revolution in Libya, in recent years, has created much discussion about how Libya could potentially resolve the situation and place the country in a stronger position, going forward. If it were true to accept that Libya had suffered from a resource curse, it is likely that the resolution can also be found by looking at how other jurisdictions have dealt with their resources and the options available to them. One body of research, for example, has looked at whether or not the Alaskan solution could potentially offer opportunities for Libya in the aftermath of the civil crisis. According to the Alaskan Governor, in 1982, the key problem that the region faced was the lack of check and balance over how oil revenue was used, suggesting that this was the underlying reason for the high level of resources becoming a curse and not a benefit. With no control over how the income from the oil revenues is used, the key determinants for the resource curse can be seen to be experienced. For example, a high level of corruption was experienced within the political groups, all of whom were attempting to divert the natural resource revenues for their own gain. By allowing these types of diversions to take place, other industries failed to gain the investments necessary and the industry soon began to lack in both financial and human capital. By looking at the Alaskan situation, the problem being faced in Libya can be attributed almost entirely to the fact that the revenue streams were diverted to politicians and not used for the foundation of the country or for developing a general stability within the economy, so that other industries would not lag behind and where the country would be in a position to deal with long-term development from the short-term income gain (Leite and Weidmann, 2002). By taking this on board, it is argued that the key development for Libya, going forward, is the need to focus on ensuring that the income derived as a short-term gain, in this case from oil revenues, (although it could be in relation to any other form of short-term and immediate gain) is subsequently invested for the long-term. This would mean that the government is effectively forced into investing the wealth in a more objective and fair way. This argument, however, is linked to the notion that, although a high level of resource has been seen to be directly correlated to low economic growth, it is not clear whether it is a case of the actual natural resources causing the low growth, or whether it is the economic and political conditions that often emerge as a result of a booming natural resource that create the knock-on effect of low growth. It is this area of questioning that remains open for further discussion and will be relevant when it comes to determining how Libya should now look towards improving its position in the long run. In order to break the cycle, the actual pattern of the cycle first needs to be understood. Conclusion The issue of resources and the empirical evidence that links countries which have high natural resources with low economic growth has been established in multiple different previous research papers. What is not as clear, however, is where the resource curse emanates from and in this respect there is a distinct gap in the literature, particularly in relation to the position in Libya. Therefore, in order to establish how, having suffered from the negative repercussions of the perceived resource curse in Libya, or indeed in any other jurisdiction, and to make sure that they do not suffer from a similar fate in future, this research needs to start by identifying the root cause of the problem. The resource curse is not simply a case of cause and effect that can be easily mapped, with several potential interventions necessary to improve the overall economic conditions in similar countries, going forward References Acemoglu, D., (1995). 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Points his love is co dependent on sexual attract Essays - Emotions

Points: his love is co dependent on sexual attraction/lust,lust will over power love/love is not destined but based on your choices of partner, values sexual attraction over love, that social expectations influence love, concludes that his own insecurities ruined his chance at love with rose, LARKIN WAS ANGRY AT ROSE Social expectations ruin love; The title of the poem itself indicates the theme of the poem. "Sow some wild oats" was a common euphemism, encouraging men to have multiple sexual encounters with various women before they got married. This, supposedly ensured that the man would remain faithful to his wife, given how his sexual needs had already been satisfied by other women. Larkin reflects that his own insecurities and lack of confidence and charm resulted in him choosing the "lesser" woman. Larkin describes Jane as "English rose", whilst Ruth as simply "the friend" in "specs". The use of depersonalisation implies Larkin's view of them as simple amenities which he must choose to pursue. This also reflects the societal view of these women; throughout the 20th century, particularly the 1950s even amidst the war effort, Women and men's roles were polarized. Education for women was limited and they were not valued for their intelligence, but rather their initial beauty and serene nature. Women like Ruth, who were easy to talk to and intelligent, were not sought after, but rather women like Rose who caught the attention of men. Larkin was not the sexually promiscuous or boisterous male that societal expectations birth, but rather a timid and insecure young man who chose to love comfortably rather than follow his desire for rose, which he would come to regret later through the poem as his thoughts were contaminated with unrequited thoughts of her. Larkin's use of affronted conjunction at the end of the first stanza provides an abrupt punch line tone after the build up of romantic atmosphere through the use of descriptive language between the English rose and the author. Love cannot survive without lust or sexual attraction: When describing his relationship with Ruth, Larkin writes of the materialistic value "four hundred letters", "ten guinea ring". This use of unpoetic language juxtaposes his language when discussing Jane, who is described as "beautiful", "bosomy, "rose". Describes the meeting between them as "sparks", "shooting match off". This use of explosive imagery connotes that it was quick and high intensity but soon fizzled out. The use of "shooting" also conveys violence and death amongst a romantic scene, which may suggest the tragic aspect of their relationship. Furthermore, this could suggest that he killed the spark between them, or that he blames her for shooting him down. Lust over powers comfort: "and in seven years after "that" could hold the sparks between him and rose as main event and everything subsequent to that involving his girlfriend is irrelevant. In Wild Oats It explains that a person, over the course of time, comes to realise that his greatest desires of love, are unattainable, and second best things will have to suffice. The central purpose of this poem is to show that love is one of these great desires and despite flashes of promise it contains scarcely anything that is more than fragmentary. Larkin reveals this through tone and diction Women are viewed as sexual objects: The speaker de personalises the women to their appearances suggesting a shallowness in the speaker, this is quite degrading as the women are essentially reduced down to sexual objects. The first woman mentioned is "bosomy English rose" which is a stereotypical idealised physical appearance of a woman, making her sound vitalised and more desirable than the second woman mentioned as she is just her "friend in specs", this being the only description of her stereotypically suggests she is second best and plain. Despite this, it is the woman in "specs" that the speaker could "talk to", implying that maybe he felt "bosomy English rose" was too good for him, or perhaps he felt intimidated by her. Larkin end the poem by stating that he still has 2snaos2 of Jane in his wallet. Thus implies that Jane and his attraction for her is an objective necessity,similar to money. When describing women, Larkin uses de personalisation, such as "