Cloud over Water by Paterson Ewen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cloud over Water by Paterson Ewen - Essay Example â€Å"Cloud over Water†, a striking painting by Paterson Ewen, always succeeds to draw the attention of people. Ewen’s work basically consists of acrylic on gouged plywood and galvanized steel. It has some supernatural qualities presenting a little white cloud placed in a conceptually textured sky present over the multicolored calm sea. On doing the detailed analysis of the â€Å"Moon Series† created by Ewen, one can observe that almost all of his created landscapes have moon in it, whereas â€Å"Cloud in Water† does not have any moon in it. In the 19th century the landscapes painted by the artists portrayed a tamed sublimity. The art presented by Paterson Ewen took the painting and coloring techniques to new heights. His abstract and his use of vibrant colors made his style more expressive. One of his contributions to the art is his ways through which he creatively exploits his materials and the quality of paints and colors that he uses. His illustrative aspects towards the landscape painting are considered to be some of his contributions towards the history of Landscape paintings. However on analyzing the historical aspects of Canadian Landscape painting one can see that it was categorized by wilderness. The European Landscape painters at the time of Ewen tried to minimize the presence of humans as it was considered one of the national tradition of the English speaking and Canadians, as the absence of a humanly figure was considered to be a pre-requisite for nobility. â€Å"Cloud in Water† is a creation of Paterson Ewen.

Homebuilding Industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Homebuilding Industry - Case Study Example This finding however is hinged on the condition that the company will endeavor to intensify measures to control cost of sales, which is actually one of the pillars of the company's business model. 1. Scope - The industry addresses the demand for housing in U.K. and the U.S. The homebuilding business process entails land banking, site development and sales, which are mostly attained thru financing. A. Cause - According to Home Builders Federation chairman, i.e., Stewart Baseley, the slump is "unique" since it is due to the lower number of approved mortgage applications, attributable to global tightening in the credit market, rather than high unemployment or inflated borrowing interest rates. In fact, in March 2008, the volume of approved mortgage applications marked the lowest since 1997 (Bloomberg). B. Effect - With the contraction of demand, house prices fell year on year in April 2008, homebuilders are compelled to cut down on overhead. As of July 2008, Bloomberg reports that about 60,000 employed in the industry are likely to lose their jobs in the process. III. THE BUSINESS MODEL - George Wimpey plc's business model encompasses activities like acquisition of land, home and community design, urban regeneration and the development of supporting infrastructures (TaylorWimpey plc). Specifically, George Wimpey plc is engaged in the construction of apartments, 2-3 bedroom houses and 4-5 bedroom houses among others and is anchored to the business' four pillars (Wimpey Annual 2006) namely: 1. Land - Reduction of the real cost of land is essential and this can be achieved thru various strategies like the addition of medium and long term value added plots and close monitoring of land prices in the U.S. to resume timely and market driven land acquisition activities . 2. Costs - To become competitive in this industry, all projects must be cost driven and this can be done by establishing a framework that will measure and challenge every cost in the area. 3. Sales - Efficiency and effectiveness of the company's sales process are the key objectives reinforced by an excellent customer service. This plays a very vital role in realizing the company's revenue targets and desired profit margin. 4. People - Being a key element in the success, periodic and timely updating of the company's employee compensation package is vital in staying competitive in terms of retaining and procuring the best human resource in the industry. It also goes without saying that manpower training is a crucial in order to develop the future leaders of the organization that will bring the company into the future. IV. HISTORY OF THE COMPANY (Finding Universe) 1. Humble Beginnings - The original owners were Walter Tomes and George Wimpey who initially worked as contractors for residential projects that required structural and decorative masonry. In 1893, Walter Tomes sold his

Spider Womans Granddaughters by Paul Gunn Allen Essay Example for Free

Spider Womans Granddaughters by Paul Gunn Allen Essay In the introduction of Spider Womans Granddaughters, by Paul Gunn Allen, she provides background information pertaining to Native American history and culture. The purpose of this preface is to offer the knowledge necessary to understand the stories. She achieves this goal with the employment of the rhetorical strategies pathos and reference to authority. Allen strongly utilizes pathos. Her use of vocabulary conveys an extremely negative perception of the Anglo-American interactions with the Native Americans. Allen initially describes a road that travels through an Indian Territory in Oklahoma as a beautiful drive, lined tastefully with billboards however then reveals that the roadside signs mark the sites of starvation and slaughter. She continues to portray Anglo-Americans as insidious and pernicious. Allen also illustrates the affects of the massacring of the Native Americans: our numbers were horrifyingly diminished. These desperate, emotional words are deliberately used to provoke pathos effectively. Allens reference to authority compliments her appeal to emotion, as her points are represented with the words and opinions of indubitably respected figures. She shows the stubborn and misunderstanding views of Senator Dawes: He noted that Indian people had a good literacy rate, adequate food and shelter, medical care for all, and a thriving economic base, but he was disturbed because they continued to live communally. She includes this adamant refusal of the Indian lifestyle that was ultimately the cause of the suffering and injustice endured by the Native Americans, and reflects it in the words of an American leader. Allen exhibits the opinion of William Brandon: Of the approximately 150 million acres owned by the Indians in 1880 over ninety million acres were extracted from the Indians pocket. She also alludes directly to the holocaust by describing the westward expansion as such, and provides further allusion by relating schools to concentration camps. Paul Gunn Allens use of the rhetorical strategies of pathos and reference to authority create a nearly irrefutable vision of the Native Americans inauspicious history. Given this overview, the reader is provided the  necessary intellect to fully comprehend the stories.

Business Strategies Between Regionalisation And Globalisation Commerce Essay

Business Strategies Between Regionalisation And Globalisation Commerce Essay The global market is a tough nut to crack. A company or an organisation must be competitive enough in order to penetrate this market. Todays competition for business supremacy has always been a battle. Its a battle on who will be the best, a battle that the end winner will be determine by the organisations ability to compete against other competitors. Competition is like a bottle neck road, who ever goes in first always have the advantage against the other. Because the domestic and international market undergoes a never ending phase, an organisation must be capable to adapt to these constant changes. A companys capacity to change should be given consideration. Discrepancy between an organisation capacity and the demands of its customers results in an inefficiency, either in under-utilised company resources or unfulfilled customers. Maybe, most of the organisations today want to initiate a management system and strategy that could maintain the organisations capability, strength and co mpetitiveness. And this is important for the management teams and the organisations per se that they would always be open minded for changes that they might encounter in order to cope and adapt to the latest development that are happening within and outside their environment. Businesses are continuously evolving just to maintain progress and being competitive. However, being competitive in international business arena should conform to the concepts in international trade such as globalisation and regionalisation. Globalisation and regionalisation are concepts known in international trade and businesses. These concepts are always attached in describing transactions done in international business arena. Basically, this paper, will be assessing the paper of Proff (2002) entitled Business unit strategies between regionalisation and globalisation. In his paper, Proff, (2002) argued that Regionalisation do not actually opposed the concept of Globalisation. Regionalisation does not create or build blocks towards globalisations. From the results of his assessment using the so-called cluster analysis, he justified that Regionalisation especially to those outside the triad-markets was actually creating a path towards grasping the idea of Globalisation- an open regionalisation. Assessment From the presentation of Proff (2002), he identifies that globalisation has lowered trade barriers in different economies making it easier for investments to flow across markets. Through benefiting from involvement in other economies the flow of capital from one economy to another intensified. Access to raw materials and resources, cost savings from lowering labour and operating costs, and expansion to other markets prove the benefit for investors when engaging in foreign investments. Basically, globalisation and trade reform are credited with improved income growth and poverty reduction in much of developing world. Empirical evidence points to the growth-inducing effects of open economies, where long term growth is like the rising tide, lifting all the boats, including those of the poor. Reality, however, is often more complicated. As described in the paper of Proff (2002), many organisations especially to those outside the triad-market have not reaped the perceived benefit of globa lisation but instead considering the advantage of regionalisation. Apparently, regionalisation via membership to trade organisations as shown in the paper of Proff (2002) and market integration has also made international trade appealing. As describe, the concept of regionalisation establishes long-term interests with expectations of high returns on investment. Furthermore, national governments who lost control of the traditional means of promoting local competitiveness by lowering trade barriers and exchange rate policies have allowed competitiveness to diminish in importance. Basically, governments turned to consider international trade as a means of improving their economies which was actually seen and based from the perspective of investors and recipient firms and economies. Actually, regionalisation can be characterized process on the regional stage with the assistance of governments. These regional consideration shows to be the express result of governmental exploits initiating regional trade administrations and making deeper assimilation of detach economies on the regional height. Regionalisation is a fresh occurrence. As described by Proff (2002) in his paper, regionalisation conforms to the intensification of investment and intra-regional trade, each suggest a procedure of deeper behind-the-border industrial incorporation. Within this course of regionalising economies liberalisation is seen as a power that assists in guiding the people and economies resources into actions where they are most expected to stand out. In basic assumptions, regionalisation materialises as a power that alleviates the outcomes of globalisation by pooling governmental policies and also pays off for the loss of national policy sovereignty. But as justified in the paper of Pr off (2002), regionalisation does not actually alleviate the outcomes of globalisation but instead it guides the organisation to grasp globalisation process. This creates regionalisation as a training ground or an arena for an organisation to learn the context of globalisation even though the organisation was outside the triad-market. Basically, the notion of region as an arena for the development of learning organisation is a complex concept. Relatively few cases of actual development are thoroughly researched, and most of the research done on the learning region in general does not focus on work organisation. What can be seen, however, from the cases that have been made subject to research, is that although one may talk about regions they are much smaller than the configurations generally associated with this notion. There is a need either for a multi-level notion of region or for another concept that can cover units that can function as a context for the development of learning organisation. So far, the concept of learning region may be the best option since it indicates that not any region falls under the concept but only regions that fulfil certain requirements. Another possibility is territory, but this concept may be seen as somewhat too geographical. On the other hand, it may not be a need for a sharply featured concept. The units that seem best able to promote learning organisation may be seen as end points on a scale where most real situations will occur in between; they will have some element of learning region but not all and will show variations in their ability to promote learning organisation. At the moment, the notion of learning region functions first and foremost through its ability to draw attention to the need for a democratic order with the ability to generate trust as the core condition for learning organisation. It is even possible to turn back to some of the historical cases and reinterpret them in the light of this point. As justified in the paper of Proff (2002), the notion of regionalisation was actually a good training ground or learning arena for considering the idea of globalisation. The internationally most well known example of systematic efforts to promote learning oriented forms in a large industrial corporation may be the Swedish automobile producer Volvo, a development that occurred during the two decades when Gyllenhammar was chief executive (Graehl, S., Fiumlchtner, Rentz, 2002). With its many plants and numerous managerial hierarchies and expert groups, its co-operation with unions and employees and its broad use of research and consultants, Volvo fulfilled many of the characteristics of a learning region (Graehl, S., Fiumlchtner, Rentz, 2002). In line with the single company, however, the efforts to spearhead this kind of development came to an end with the retirement of Gyllenhammar. In most cases management driven change lasts for much shorter periods of time. With placing the learn ing region in focus the intention is, consequently, not only to introduce a new reference point for organisation development in addition to the individual enterprise or for that matter units within each enterprise, such as groups or departments but also to point at the shortcomings of some of the established ones. Basically, Graehl, S., Fiumlchtner, Rentz, (2002) argued that the kind of drift towards regionalisation indicated above can be se seen as an example of a tendency that has acquired major proportions on the international scene: in some form or other regionalisation occurs in major parts of the world today. Against this background it is important to emphasise that this kind of process occurs for many different reasons and that the reasons underlying the above examples are only some of those that are operative within this area. It is also important to emphasise that far from all processes towards regionalisation have anything to do with work organisation. Furthermore, the reasons are not new in the sense that they have been emerging only in recent years. When the movement towards learning oriented forms of work organisation started with field experiments and other cases, a process of bottom-up learning was introduced and the challenges posed by such a process are dominating the agenda today as in the period immediately after the first experimental changes. What differs is first and foremost the view on how bottom-up learning can take place. For a long time the idea that single cases could be abstracted from their contexts and provide a basis directly for learning processes involving many organisations was maintained. Actually, what happens today is first and foremost a break with these perspectives to instead build the learning processes bottom-up without shortcuts. What this implies varies, between countries and even regions. New demands are placed on all the actors involved and how well they are met today and will be met in the future differs as well. One of the challenges is to handle the notion of learning region as an evolutionary phenomenon, often emerging from a smaller group of actors, growing through network formations and eventually including political-administrative actors. From this platform the growth can continue into formations where several units join each other to form broader regions. Fixed boundaries and given administrative dividing lines will block this kind of development. Learning regions will have to be defined according to the learning process and this has in itself fluid boundaries. From this assessment, it is evident that business operations across national borders are becoming the trend in the current era. And this trend continuously grows because of globalisation and regionalisation. In response to this globalisation and regionalisation issues, multinational corporations tend operate in other countries to have excellent advantage. According to Amponsah (2001), globalisation or regionalisation whether it is in or out the triad-market but the eagerness of a certain business organisation to operate across borders was there it always involves two dimension i.e. change in economic operations of various countries, and change in the participants of global economic operations. Conclusion In the development of globalisation and regionalisation are closely related and often interact. Of course, one could argue that the marketin other words, effective competitionshould be the sole determinant of providers attitudes toward customers, in particular the services to be supplied and to whom and in what quantity. Then, a situation would develop where only competition authorities intervene, because the sectoral regulator would have disappeared from the scene. From the previous discussion, regionalisation in accordance to organisations competitiveness continues to be regarded as a major element of economic reforms in most countries. In the majority of developing countries, it is an important component of the structural adjustment package sponsored by multilateral institutions. It has become geographically more widespread and has increasingly involved the telecommunications, energy and water sectors. Foreign investment linked to liberalisation has also become more prominent in d eveloping countries. However, while regionalisation can bring about benefits under certain conditions, transfer of ownership is by no means a sufficient condition for improved performance of firms and setting off economic growth. In other words, if regionalisation with respect to competitiveness is to benefit the organisations, the challenges facing these organisations have to be properly identified so as to inform policy makers and the necessary actions have to be taken to overcome them. In addition, the governments must regularly inform the public about the goals of competitiveness and regionalisation and explain how achieving these goals benefit their citizens and nations. Governments must also carefully analyse the political impediments to investment liberalisation and must develop plans to eliminate them. Introducing more market competition and effective state regulation may be crucial in ensuring that economic performance improves. In addition, a wider range of institutional issues, including improving political, legal, management and financial capacity within organisations will affect the impact of regionalisation on performance when regionalisation occurs in organisations outside the triad-market. With respect to globalisation, liberalisation and openness should be promoted which will in turn promote market discipline, competition, better corporate governance and public accountability. Disciplined and prudential regulations should be introduced in the financial sector where incomplete liberalisation has taken place. This can help prevent the continuation of state directed credit to funds, which often lead to misallocation of resources. In conclusion, the development of globalisation or even regionalisation faces several obstacles challenges which all have to be tamed by countries governments before substantial benefits can be realised. It is worth noting that competition law can improve economic performance but performance improvement heavily relies also on other structural reforms like liberalisation and regulation and the ability of developing countries to overcome the numerous challenges that they face during the investment liberalisation process. From here, the different strategies in different markets especially to those considering the international market helped the organisation have an initial feel of the different markets. The different strategies also helped the organisation have a better understanding of how the market works. The different markets help in introducing to the organisation the cultures and characteristics of the markets thus it became educated with how to adjust in the different setting. Lastly, the different strategies helped in making sure that the organisation encounters lesser problems while starting up a new market. By using different strategies with proper consideration towards globalisation and regionalisation, the organisation has not committed anything that will give it more problems.

Justice in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

The Question of Justice in Macbeth In the play Macbeth, many different major choices are brought forth to a certain character and the decision that is chosen affects the entire play. The results of these actions or decisions can be a positive or negative outcome towards the character. Does justice always prevail in the play Macbeth? If a character decides to commit a crime, will he/she be punished? If a character does a noble deed, will he/she be rewarded? As is represented in the play Macbeth, justice always prevails due to the guilty character's developing sense of remorse and/or the character receiving fair punishment. For every action there is a reaction and whatever the result is, it is meant to happen and it is just. The first malevolent decision chosen by Lady Macbeth and her husband Macbeth was to kill King Duncan. The death of Duncan would mean the birth of a new Macbeth, King Macbeth. Lady Macbeth decided to have her husband kill Duncan and said in Act I scene 5, "He croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan." (p.33) This quote says how the presence of Duncan would turn fatal once Macbeth kills him. Once Duncan is killed, Macbeth has second thoughts about the murder of Duncan and his conscience starts to kick in. His wife then puts his conscience at ease. The wife was being immoral by persuading Macbeth to kill Duncan and trying to soften the blow of Duncan's death by reassuring her husband that everything was going to be all right. Macbeth was being immoral by actually killing King Duncan. Macbeth is already starting to feel guilty, but Lady Macbeth seems not to be affected, as of now. The second malicious decision chosen by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth was to have Banquo and his sons killed. This would cancel out the possibility of Banquo's sons becoming kings. In Act III scene 1, Macbeth states that Banquo and his sons would be murdered by saying, "Banquo, thy soul's flight, if it find heaven, must find it out tonight." (p.91) The consequence of the decision to kill Banquo and his sons started when Macbeth felt more guilt and developed a worried conscience in the form of a vision of Banquo's ghost.

Urban Planners :: essays research papers

URBAN PLANNERS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Urban planners plan for the development of urban and rural areas. Most work for city, county, or other governmental agencies, where they help develop and perform official policy regarding current and future land use. They are concerned with all features of the environment, including the location and design of buildings, transportation systems and with the protection of natural resources, including air and water quality and population density. They report on the best location for houses, stores and parks. Planners also consider social and economic factors that will be affected by land use changes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planners generally work in clean, well-lighted offices. However, they may spend much of their time outside the office, attending meetings or hearings, (Sometimes after hours), or inspecting development sites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A bachelor's degree in planning or a related field is the minimum requirement for professional-level jobs. Some other requirements for most jobs include a master's degree or several years of professional experience or both. However it is possible to get started with only a bachelor's degree, a lot of competition for entry-level jobs and the rising difficulty of the work itself makes a master's degree suitable. Most authorities recommend an undergraduate degree in an area related to planning, such as geography, political science, or architecture followed by a graduate degree in planning. A degree in urban studies, environmental studies, or environmental planning programs requires the same two years of full time study to complete. Local government planning offices often hire college students to work during the summer. Students can learn a lot before they get their first job after they graduate. To become a certified planner, a certain amount of courses must be taken . A few universities have programs under which students may earn master's degrees in planning as well as in an similar field, such as architecture, in about three years of full time study. Planners must be able to think in terms of relationships and visualize the effects of their plans and designs. They should be flexible and able to reconcile different viewpoints and to make constructive policy recommendations. The ability to communicate well, both orally and in writing, is necessary for anyone interested in this field.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government agency salaries for planners with a bachelor's degree and little or no experience starts at about $2,300 to about $3,000 a month. Planners with a master's degree or one or two years of experience can start at $2,500 to $3,500 or more a month.

Human consumption: and its effect on the environment Essay

The environment is a very important in human existence as it is basically all that surrounds us. Our environment is a complex phenomenon that consists of the climate, geography and other natural resources in the environment. The human life basically depends on healthy produce and the balanced environmental conditions. The environment however could affect humans physically spiritually and culturally. In today’s ever growing society, it is important that we take care of our environment in order to have a healthy and balanced environment. Humans are known to solely depend on earth’s resources such as; oil, forests, water, energy and others. These resources however, get limited in time and humans are known to largely consume them. There are some negative and positive effects on the environment caused by humans. In terms of negative effects, the depletion of the ozone layer, pollution and overconsumption are some examples of how humans affect the environment. However, there are some positive effects which benefits the environment such as—conservation of wild life. The environment today, has been affected by various factors, which benefits the environment and negative factors, which damage the environment and cause severe damage to it. Several discussions have been made on human consumptions and what effects they have on the environment. This essay will be set in three parts that will assess human consumption and the various ways in which it affects  the environment. The first part of the essay will focus on the negative and positive effects human consumption has on the environment and secondly this essay will discuss over consumption of natural resources, and thirdly this essay will address various solutions in which to address this problem and help the environment and all of earth’s resources to give a more balanced and healthier environment. THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF HUMAN CONSUMPTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT As mentioned earlier, there are many ways in which the environment is affected negatively by humans. One of these ways is through pollution. Pollution is basically regarded as unwanted substances that are harmful and contaminating the environment. Pollution is a very important issue when addressing the environments and its factors. There are various types of pollution, such as; air pollution, water pollution, land pollution and others. Air pollution is when there are unwanted, harmful substances in the air which have poisonous effects. These substances are very dangerous and when ingested could cause diseases such as cancer and bronchitis, which are deadly to both man and animals alike. â€Å"Pollutants are harmful chemical or physical substances released into the atmosphere, a water source, the soil or a component of the biosphere† (Saier, 2006:205) Particle pollutants when released in the air are very lethal, and could cause severe damage to the human body. Air pollution does not only affect humans but it also affects the environment, for example, the depletion of the ozone layer is caused by harmful toxins that are released into the air. Water pollution however, is the contamination of water bodies in the ecosystem such as rivers, lakes, oceans and others. This mostly occurs, when pollutants are released into the water bodies and this could be very dangerous to man, animals and other living creatures in the environment. Water much like air, is very needed in other for the environment to be balanced. Another example of pollution is land pollution which is the deposition of solid or liquid waste material on land. This is also very harmful to the environment, especially when the garbage disposed is not separated into re-usable and recyclable waste. Lands that are contaminated as a result of pollution are known to be very problematic to the human respiratory system. Pollution is a very serious matter that needs to be taken into further considerations, especially since it is done  mostly by humans. There is no question that humans are incapable of destroying the environment and although a lot has changed in the generation, much has not. Humans still contaminate their air, water supplies and land by disposing hazardous materials and thereby destroying natural habitats. It is important we take the matter of pollution seriously and properly take care of our environment, because we still continue to populate the earth at an increasing rate. (Pierce et al., 1998) There also some positive factors of human’s in our environment. These positive effects are very beneficial to the environment as it properly sets it in balance. One of the ways in which humans are impacting the environment positively is by protecting endangered species. Nearly most endangered species are now being bred in protective areas. Species such as the Chinese giant pandas is an example of endangered species that are carefully being bred in protective areas to keep them from going to extinct. OVERCONSUMPTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Overconsumption of natural resources has become a growing trend, especially in the industrialized nations. Overconsumption which is the act of using something to the excess is mostly done in western industrialized nations. â€Å"The necessity of preventing environmentally disrupting effects of affluent consumption in modern industrial societies has been recently addressed in a vast body of literature on ‘sustainable consumption’† (Cogoy, 2010:460)Natural resources such as materials, water and energy are very essential in the environment because they are the basis of our existence on earth. These resources are gradually decreasing due to humans’ constant consumption of these resources. Our climate is changing, species are becoming extinct, fish and forests are shrinking due to the damages that are imposed on our environment by humans. â€Å"..Overconsumption of natural resources is portrayed as a major threat to the sustainability of the world’s envi ronmental systems.† (Brown et al., 2000). Overconsumption which is regarded as the excessive used of goods and services is perceived as a means of personal happiness, status and success. However, in an environmental context, it is the excessive use of natural resources. It is known that humans today extract and use more 50% more natural resources than only 30 years ago. This consumption from humans, is a way of trying to  aspire to achieve happiness through the use of goods produced from materials that are deemed â€Å"plentiful† and resourceful. (The European Environment [SOER], 2010). There are ways in which we can avoid over consumption of natural resources in order to continue to thrive on earth. These ways include; changing our lifestyles and making it more sustainable so that we are able to protect our ecosystem and natural resources. It is important we characterize the problem of overconsumption and start a debate about resource use and its environmental impacts around the world. If humans were to continually consume resources wastefully, in order to follow self-interested motives, then natural resources in the environment would be reduced and future consumption will be undermined and resources are very likely to slowly deplete. Solutions Asserting that â€Å"human influence on the planet has increased faster than human population,† Joel Cohen elaborated on the concept of human carrying capacity. Though carrying capacity is ultimately determined by natural constraints, Cohen stressed the role of human choices about lifestyle and consumption in determining how many people the earth can sustain within those constraints. Emphasizing the role of economics, Donald Ludwig contended that the real problem with human population growth is not biological, but societal. Ludwig asserted that a fundamental conflict exists between economics and ecology; economists believe growth to be essential, leading to increased consumption, while ecologists say growth is inherently limited. Reaffirming Ludwig’s opinion about the importance of economics, William Rees introduced the concept of the ecological footprint, a model that puts the economy inside the ecosphere, intrinsically imposing limits on growth based on availability of resources. The ecological footprint recognizes the interplay of economics and ecology by measuring not just the natural resources a place uses of its own, but those consumed from other countries. Though it is Gretchen Daily’s opinion that â€Å"people have difficulty looking beyond their own discipline for solutions,† she stressed the importance of crossing both societal and economic boundaries in exploring the issue of human population growth. Daily believes that not only  must scientists cooperate with others, but cooperation within the sciences is essential; scientists worldwide must begin to share information. Bibliography Cogoy, M. (2010). Consumption, time and the environment. Review of Economics of the Household, 8(4), 459-477. Saier, M. (2006). Pollution. Environmentalist, 26(3), 205-209. Peirce, J., Weiner, Ruth F, Vesilind, P. Aarne, & ScienceDirect. (1998.). Environmental Pollution and Control. Burlington: Butterworth-Heinemann. Brown, Paul M, & Cameron, Linda D. (2000). What can be done to reduce overconsumption? Ecological Economics, 32(1), 27-41.