How the Statue of Liberty Became a Symbol of Immigration

When the Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886, the ceremonial speeches had nothing to do with immigrants arriving in America. The sculptor who created the enormous statue, Fredric-Auguste Bartholdi, never intended the statue to evoke the idea of immigration. In a sense, he viewed his creation as something nearly opposite: as a symbol of liberty spreading outward from America. So how and why did the statue become an iconic symbol of immigration? The Statue is now always linked in the public mind with arriving immigrants thanks to the words of Emma Lazarus. Lady Liberty took on deeper meaning  because of the sonnet written in its honor, The New Colossus. Poet Emma Lazarus Was Asked to Write a Poem Before the Statue of Liberty was completed and shipped to the United States for assembly, a campaign was organized by newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer to raise funds to build the pedestal on Bedloe’s Island. Donations were very slow in coming, and in the early 1880s it appeared that the statue might never be assembled in New York. There were even rumors that another city, perhaps Boston, could wind up with the statue. Fundraising events were organized, one of which was an art show. The poet Emma Lazarus, who was known and respected in the artistic community in New York City, was asked to participate. Lazarus was a 34-year-old native New Yorker, the daughter of a wealthy Jewish family with roots going back to the colonial era in New York City. She had become very concerned about the plight of Jews being persecuted in a pogrom in Russia. Newly arrived Jewish refugees from Russia were being housed on Wards Island, in New York Citys East River. Lazarus had been visiting them, and had gotten involved with charitable organizations helping the destitute new arrivals get a start in their new country. The writer Constance Cary Harrison asked Lazarus to write a poem to help raise money for the Statue of Liberty pedestal fund. Lazarus, at first, was not interested in writing something on assignment. Emma Lazarus Applied Her Social Conscience Harrison later recalled that she encouraged Lazarus to change her mind by saying, â€Å"Think of that goddess standing on her pedestal down yonder in the bay, and holding her torch out to those Russian refugees of yours that you are so fond of visiting at Ward’s Island.† Lazarus reconsidered and wrote the sonnet, â€Å"The New Colossus.† The opening of the poem refers to the Colossus of Rhodes, an ancient statue of a Greek titan. But Lazarus then refers to the statue which â€Å"shall† stand as a â€Å"mighty woman with a torch† and the â€Å"Mother of Exiles.† Later in the sonnet are the lines which eventually became iconic: Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door! Thus in the mind of Lazarus the statue was not symbolic of liberty flowing outward from America, as Bartholdi envisioned, but rather a symbol of America being a refuge where those oppressed could come to live in liberty. Lazarus was no doubt thinking of the Jewish refugees from Russia she had been volunteering to assist at Wards Island. And she surely understood that had she been born somewhere else, she may have faced oppression and suffering herself. The Poem â€Å"The New Colossus† Was Essentially Forgotten On December 3, 1883, a reception was held at the Academy of Design in New York City to auction off a portfolio of writings and artwork to raise funds for the statue’s pedestal. The next morning the New York Times reported that a crowd which included J. P. Morgan, the famous banker, heard a reading of the poem â€Å"The New Colossus† by Emma Lazarus. The art auction did not raise as much money as the organizers had hoped. And the poem written by Emma Lazarus seems to have been forgotten. She tragically died of cancer on November 19, 1887, at the age of 38, less than four years after writing the poem. An obituary in the New York Times  the following day praised her writing, with the headline calling her An American Poet of Uncommon Talent. The obituary quoted some of her poems yet  did not mention â€Å"The New Colossus.† Thus, the sonnet was generally forgotten not long after it was written. Yet over time the sentiments expressed in words by Lazarus and the massive figure crafted of copper by  Bartholdi would become inseparable in the public mind. The Poem Was Revived by a Friend of Emma Lazarus In May 1903, a friend of Lazarus, Georgina Schuyler, succeeded in having a bronze plaque containing the text of â€Å"The New Colossus† installed on an interior wall of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty. By that time the statue had been standing in the harbor for nearly 17 years, and millions of immigrants had passed by it. And for those fleeing oppression in Europe, the Statue of Liberty did seem to be holding a torch of welcome. Lady Libertys Legacy Over the following decades, especially in the 1920s, when the United States began to restrict immigration, the words of Lazarus took on deeper meaning. And whenever there is talk of closing Americas borders, relevant lines from The New Colossus are always quoted in opposition. Still, the poem and its connection to the statue unexpectedly became a contentious issue in the summer of 2017. Stephen Miller, an anti-immigrant adviser to President Donald Trump, sought to denigrate the poem and its connection to the statue. Two years later, in the summer of 2019, Ken Cuccinelli, the acting director of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services in the Trump administration, sparked a controversy by suggesting that the classic poem be edited. In a series of interviews on August 13, 2019, Cuccinelli said the poem should be changed to refer to immigrants who can stand on their own two feet. He also noted that the Lazarus poem referred to people coming from Europe, which critics interpreted as a sign of current bias toward non-white immigrants.

Exploration Of Exploitation During The 1970 s Generation

Exploration of Exploitation During the 1970’s Generation The 70’s decade represented a very experimental and uncertain time for the film Industry. Due to financial instability, the Hollywood studio system had collapsed. The invention of the television too had a disastrous effect on audiences attending movie theaters as many people were inclined to stay at home because they had children and did not want to pay for a movie and a baby sitter. Artistic freedom was on the rise though due to a dramatic change in censorship regulation --- the abandonment of the Production Code and the decreased clout of the Catholic Legion of Decency. The Production Code was a set of moral guidelines for the film industry that existed from 1930 to 1966. It also†¦show more content†¦Movies like these were opening a genre of movies which appealed to a young teen market who were looking for something that is sensational and graphic. Many of these teens were attracted to a counterculture that represented a broken society. Many urban youths found films like these in â€Å"Grindhouses†. The website www.grindhouse.com defines a grindhouse as The 70’s were basically the golden age of Grindhouses as the venues were a result of the prevalent white flight out of major cities and into suburban neighborhoods. The effect of this was Urban decay. With the no longer guarantee of customers, many of these theaters showed B-grade films, including pornography,martial arts, slashers, and blaxploitation film. In the 1970s Hollywood studios recognized the value of the exploitation cinema that were associated with low-budget companies like American International Pictures of the 1950s and 1960s. Many films such as William Friedkin’s The Exorcist (1973) and Steven Spielberg’s Jaws (1975) are known for having rewriting what makes a sensational horror. Further, â€Å"exploitation† was a term applied to specific audiences as well as films. Melvin Van Peebles’ Sweet Sweetback’s Baadassss Song(1971) drew the attention of the industry to the profit potential represented by black urban audiences and gave rise to the â€Å"blaxploitation† cycle of films. The same term can be used for pornography movies as

Why I Want to Be a Teacher Free Essays

Why I Like To Be a Teacher Teaching is a unique profession. It takes a lot of commitment, dedication, patience and above all, love for the act of helping others learn. Being a teacher is one of the noblest and most gratifying professions , no matter how difficult the road is. We will write a custom essay sample on Why I Want to Be a Teacher or any similar topic only for you Order Now Undoubtedly, it is hard to deal with students, their behaviors, personal problems, difficult ages and even with their parents that sometimes do not support the teachers, and last but not least, the educational system itself. No matter how complicated your life can turn when you are a teacher, from a personal standpoint, I can say teaching pays off. I love to teach and I used to be a math teacher for many years. This subject is hardly ever the students’ favorite. Math is really tough, needs some logical reasoning, students’ focus in class and some study hours after class. Do all the students love all this? I bet. On the other hand, when a teacher teaches a not very likeable subject like math, you are not very likeable either. I personally think teaching Math is always a challenge but I have faced it with enormous pleasure. Being a teacher is gratifying. It feeds your spirit and fills your soul. It’s great to have the recognition of your students and a warm hug when you run into them after many years. You will not probably remember their names and pretend you do, but they will for sure remember yours. When you hear they are engineers, doctors, nurses, mechanics; whatever profession or occupation they mention, you feel very proud to know that you have contributed to build their futures. Your eyes shine with emotion. It is absolutely uplifting to be a teacher. Many teachers have had professional crises in which they get exhausted, bored, anxious or think teaching is a waste of time and thoughts of abandoning their classrooms invade them at times. I have not met a single teacher who has not been through these emotional feelings. Some reconsider and overcome this, others leave for good and regret it eventually. Even those who leave the teaching profession treasure very pleasant memories of heir times at school with their students and talk about it with love and enthusiasm. Fact is that teaching is tough, it is a rose full of thorns, but it is, without a doubt, a wonderful profession. Teaching is a profession that makes you always feel young at heart, no matter how old you are. The students’ energy, enthusiasm, their young spirit is as contagious as the worst of the viruses. When you are a teacher you become a friend, a counselor, a parent, an extraordinary human being. I know it is painstaking to be a teacher, it gives you no spare time to watch TV when you have to mark students’ essays. You go home with a pile of books to read for next class. Teaching is sometimes regarded as a way of living and not a profession. It is overlooked and underestimated. Despite all this, I consider being a teacher is a very honorable profession. I can say teaching is worthwhile. Bibliography just personal experience How to cite Why I Want to Be a Teacher, Papers Why I Want to be a Teacher Free Essays I believe that everyone, one way or another, has progressed to where they are in life because they had a teacher. A teacher by definition is someone who provides educational instruction and communicates lifelong lessons. However, I see teachers beyond that common definition. We will write a custom essay sample on Why I Want to be a Teacher or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teachers have the opportunity to shed light on topics not commonly found in text books, to teach skills that students can use in real life, and to inspire students to overcome their adversities. But why become a teacher when you can become a doctor? Or a lawyer? I asked myself these same questions prior to joining the education program at the University of Guam. I found great intrinsic value of teaching by being able to inspire students to help others and to provide equal opportunities for those children who are considered â€Å"at risk†. I also found great extrinsic value in teaching because it provides a great work schedule and I am able to travel the world because education is rooted in every country. I did not want to become a teacher my first semester of college at The University of Guam. I had my mind set on becoming a therapist because I felt that the main reasons why people kill other people or why kids end up in juvenile prison is due to the fact that they have an underlying stressor that causes them to act up. I wanted to help rid the world of angry and depressed people and help them begin their healing process so that they can become contributing members to the society. However, after two semesters I realized that all these problems could be solved if people were well educated and knowledgeable of the opportunities around them. I saw that schools were the perfect institution to influence children on becoming positive and active members of society. I want to be able to inspire students to engage in solidarity so that they can help those around them. I want to teach my students that they are more alike than different and to be able to recognize the problems that stem from our society’s culture. There are also those students who are plagued by racial or financial setbacks regardless of how hard they try to succeed. I want to be able to reach out to those students and help them continue their education. I have seen so many classmates of mine who were overlooked because they were not the smartest in the class and those students ended up dropping out or getting into drugs. I want to be able to put more emphasis on the students who are  falling behind so that students feel more comfortable with being at school and prevent students from dropping out. Being a teacher requires that you give up a lot of your time and patience in hopes that your students succeed in life. Seeing your students become doctors, lawyers, or maybe even the president of the United States can be very rewarding even though teachers rarely gain recognition for their students’ accomplishments. However, teachers are rewarded not just intrinsically but extrinsically. One extrinsic reason for why I want to become a teacher is because I get a great work schedule. Teachers get the weekends off, not to mention the summer and winter breaks as well. Being a student I was accustomed to having a summer break to recuperate and to prepare for the next semester and becoming a teacher I was able to keep the same lifestyle and still able to go back to my job when the school year started. Becoming a teacher was very appealing to me because I had a desire to join the Peace Corps upon graduating college and there are opportunities for teachers to travel around the world and teach in different countries, especially the third world countries. I loved to travel and help others and becoming a teacher gave me the means necessary to do both. In conclusion, I know becoming a teacher will be difficult but the rewards are more abundant than the costs. I hope to inspire students to reach out to others and to be able to recognize the problems that stem from our society’s culture. I would also love to see those students who are â€Å"at risk† succeeding to their fullest potential. I would love give back those privileges to those who are not as fortunate and travel the world spreading the love of learning in all parts of the world. How to cite Why I Want to be a Teacher, Papers

Birdhouse Essay Research Paper My Own Two free essay sample

Birdhouse Essay, Research Paper My Own Two Foot As Beverly and her female parent and male parent delay patiently at the Greyhound Bus Station. She hated waiting for the coach, it ever seemed as if it everlastingly. All around her she could smell the malodor of firing gum elastic. Apparently Beverly had been invited to pass the summer with her female parent s cousin Verna for the summer while go toing college in San Francisco, California. Beverly had neer been to college and was really being pressured by her female parent non to travel in the first topographic point. It was supposed to be a good school though, even though it was a Jr. College named Chuffy. When she eventually arrived in San Francisco she went directly to her cousin s house. The whole house was painted bright colourss, doing it look more fresh and new. Compared to her house, which happened to be all white! Giving the sense that it was tiring and field, which Beverly seemed to believe it, was. The school was even worse Each room was painted a dark green, while the desks where in a triangular signifier as if it were an simple category. Besides the schools deficiency of manner Beverly had a great clip acquiring to cognize everyone. If you lived close by ( which she did ) you could merely pass the dark at place, but if non the school rules were ever willing to lease residence halls to those in demand of them. Each residence hall had a duplicate size bed and a nightstand right beside it. So clearly they were really little! That is unless you had a room-mate so you were allowed to hold a two to three sleeping room residence hall which are evidently a great trade larger so the one sleeping room. When summer was over she went back place to her female parent, but shortly after she left Chuffy had sent a missive informing Beverly that they wished her to endorse following season. Of class her female parent preferred her non to, Beverly s male parent had high liquors and wished her to do her head up on her ain. Therefor Beverly chose to travel back in the autumn and this clip lease a residence hall since she was no longer welcome in Verna s place ( merely uninvited ) . Alternatively of really traveling to Chaffey Beverly decided to go to Cal. College located in Southern California. At this school they had strict regulations one being you had to hold a roomie if you wanted a residence hall, and of class they assigned them for you. Beverly fortunately ended up with a miss named Claudia, who happened to be a batch like Beverly. Neither of them smoked, both were really repetitive on analyzing and reasonably much liked to make the same things in at that place free clip. Each of them had female parent s who were listening to their every word, doing it easier to understand one another. The lone difference that I could see was how Beverly seemed more quiet and predic tabular array. Through out the whole book Beverly goes back and Forth from California to Portland. Always doing certain to make the best she can perchance be. My life is about a lady named Beverly Clare. A immature grownup, who fights to hold both emotional and physical independency. Basically it tells the narrative of her life, who she is and what she does. During the fresh Beverly meets a great figure of work forces. Some of these work forces were married, while some merely couldn Ts handle long distant relationships. Fortunately Ms. Cleary found her particular person. His name was Clarence and is about the same age as Beverly ( one twelvemonth older neer said existent age ) . Towards the terminal of the fresh Beverly and Clarence acquire a small serious. They shortly start speaking about matrimony and love, while Beverly s mother pretty much has a bosom onslaught! Probably, the most exciting event in the book was when Clarence and Beverly foremost confessed their love for each other. It was out on the balcony of the dance hall entryway. They were tilting over the border and they merely acquire to speak. Like any other relationship you at some point or another talk about where you are headed, surprisingly they started speaking about matrimony. All of a sudden Clarence digs into his slack pockets and takes out a cigar ring ( piece of paper that holds the wrapper over the cigar before being bought ) and places it on her finger. Then says I ll replace this with a existent ring some twenty-four hours ( say to be a proposal ) . Beverly of class does non decease The narrative ends when Beverly really gets a occupation as a bibliothec at a school in Yakima, Washington. There she would be paid one hundred and ten dollars a month. As I said before both she and Clarence got married and lived merrily of all time after. Now Beverly is an writer of kids s narratives. For illustration the series of Ramona the Pest! After it explains everything about her female parent s cousin s house, I think that she will travel to college and so stop up non being able to manage it. And who know she might even hold to travel place. I don t truly know if this anticipation is right but I merely have a intestine experiencing something bad is traveling to go on. I was incorrect about the first anticipation, but this clip I think that after she gets the note from Chaffey Jr. College stating that they wish for her to come back her female parent and male parent are non traveling to let her to go forth place once more. I think it will go on because whenever Beverly negotiations about her female parent it s as if she feels trapped. Like she can t make anything without let downing her. Beverly s female parent is one of those types of people who want their kids to follow in their footfalls ( command monster ) .

Music Experience Essay Example

Music Experience Essay I attended a course on Music Experience in spring 2010. I voluntarily opted for this course because music is a very interesting topic and I wished to have an entertaining elective class to complete the semester. In addition to this, I heard from my seniors that the course would be very easy for one to get A class. Finally I was happy to note that it fitted my schedule easily.Since I had very little knowledge and experience in music, I was eager to know more about different types of music. The enthusiasm inside me towards music made me feel attentive in the class and I was able to learn more and gain experience about music. I could experience how the music students practice during rehearsals and preparations for the concerts. I could later see how they actually performed during the concerts including their facial expressions. After completing the course, I could feel satisfied that I had a nice experience in music and I could gain additional knowledge in music. I can confidently say t hat my expectations were met and I was able to get what I wanted.At the same time, I was disappointed to see students taking a nap or playing with their cellphones during the concerts part of the course. I was also disappointed to see people coming to concerts for just name sake by either coming late or coming few minutes before the termination of the concert. However, I could cherish seeing an elderly person playing piano, and I was very much impressed by his performing and acting. He was very energetic and used to jump sometimes while he was performing. In one of the concerts that I attended, I was surprised to see an entire family performing in a music concert. I don’t remember their names right now, but I could observe that all the family members in that group including their children were using different musical instruments. I was very much impressed by the way they entered the stage, as they were playing a nice music with the saxophone instrument while walking onto the stage. I would personally rate their performance as the best concerts I had attended. The performance of the group was very professional and they started their show with a very amazing play using viola and piano instrument. They had set a good example for the ever-famous proverb â€Å"First impression is the best impression†.My experiences during the course affected a lot of those connections that I described at the beginning of the semester. As mentioned in my home page, other than piano and guitar I didn’t know much about any other musical instruments. Now I have come to know about Viola, Saxophones, violin, and the bassoon. Before the course, I was never attached towards listening to Jazz music, but now I have discovered that I have started liking jazz music and I am eager towards attending jazz concerts in future.One fine Sunday, to be more specific, on 28th March, I was free and hence I planned to attend a concert and later I felt lucky to have attended it, as the concert turned to be one of the favourite concerts, I had attended. Karen Johnson was playing on violin and Joanne Kong was playing on a piano. I liked both the performers and it was based on a classical music. Schumann music comprised of lots of pieces and I enjoyed listening to it too. I could discover and gather much information about Schumann music and learnt how difficult it is to learn and play using different pieces. However, I wasn’t impressed much by the Bass instrument, and I couldn’t list out the reasons for disliking it. While listening to bass, I was feeling as if the sound didn’t come out of the instrument. On the other hand, experiences gained by me in watching several live music and live performers helped me to rate a musical concert based on the performance and encouraged me to attend more and more concerts even after the classes were finished.After completing the course, whenever I used to listen to music on my PC or Radio, I used to think how the performers are able to captivate us towards their music.I would personally feel that the most effective thing in the Experiencing Music course was attending the concerts, Convocations, and the rehearsals. I learnt newer things from each and every concert I attended and I learnt several things, which I wasn’t aware of earlier. However, I guess that the least effective thing was writing the online reviews about the concerts based on the responses from those who attended the concert. This can be overcome by initiating a discussion panel in the class between the students under the guidance of a professor who will help everyone to know more and enable them to gain a better experience on such concerts. Finally, I was enjoying the course with lots of fun and it helped me a lot to know about music. It would be nice if some international music and pieces are played in some of the future concerts which will enable the students to gain experiences about international music.

Free Essays on No Child Left Behind

On January 8, 2002, President George W. Bush signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act (Public Law 107-110). Because the U.S. Constitution does not designate a public education role for the federal government, the responsibility of K – 12 education is in the hands of each individual state. The federal government, who has an interest in the quality of the nation’s public schools, has passed legislature to provide assistance to the states and schools. The No Child Left Behind Act builds on the foundation of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), first passed in 1965, whose primary purpose was to improve educational opportunity for economically disadvantaged students. In researching the topic of NCLB I have found many differing opinions, both positive and negative, regarding the act as well as it’s implications on our nation as a whole. In order to fully explore this topic we must first attempt to understand the goals of the No Child Left Behind Act. Once we have reviewed this we can then explore its affects thus far, long term affects, opposing views and how we can make this law work for us as both educators and parents. Before we can discuss the No Child Left Behind Act in great detail we must first understand the act which it is a revision of. The ESEA or Elementary and Secondary Education Act was first passed in 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson. The ESEA was President Johnson’s first bill in his War on Poverty program. In 1966 an amendment to the ESEA added Title VI. This amendment added grants for â€Å"handicapped† children but in 1970 broke off from the ESEA. It is now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Act. Throughout the history of the ESEA the federal government expanded the act to include bilingual education, minority education, education in correctional facilities, safe and drug free schools, arts education, library and media services, neglected and delinquent youth, as... Free Essays on No Child Left Behind Free Essays on No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind: A Foolish Race Into the Past† by David Marshak is clearly showing the view against this policy. Basically No Child Left Behind is a policy that allows all students to get a high quality education. This article shows how this may be a horrible idea to be carried out. There are a lot of problems that can come from the enforcement of this policy on the schools. Kids right now aren’t really getting the proper bond that should exist between a student and his/her teacher. So this policy also has connections and ties to newer and better ways for students to learn and interact differently with their teachers. Problem being that this would cause a huge shift the budget and would take a lot of planning and time to convert to the new system which would wind up being worse for the children than the original situation. I like to believe that I am a supporter of equal opportunity for students of all races, ages, social and economical statuses. After reading this article however it doesn’t seem like too great of an idea. All the time, manpower and budget money that would be spent on this project would be overwhelming for the districts to have to take on. The post-industrial idea doesn’t sound soothing to the ear either. Who is to say that smaller schools and environments are better? I believe that if the kids are in less populated schools they are missing the opportunity of diversity, or the chance to get away from certain kids they don’t like or may pick on them. The best thing about largely populated public schools is, that there really is a social group for everybody whether those kids find each other or not. In conclusion, it’s going to come down to the risks of making the change or not. Hopefully if they do decide to push forward with it the proper precautions will be taken to ensure the economic and social stability of the community and schools.... Free Essays on No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind On January 8, 2002 President George Bush signed the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† Act (No 2002). This law was made to help the country’s educational system. The law revolutionizes the old system. A few of the most popular and biggest changes are: Improving academic achievement of the disadvantaged, higher quality teachers, making all schools up to date on technology, giving schools more flexibility and accountability, and giving a choice to students of their school (No 2002). Because the law is so vast, this paper will explore the flexibility and accountability changes and how they allow the students and parents to choice their schools. One of the new laws gives states more flexibility with what they spend their allotted federal money on in their schools. For instance, one district might need a technology upgrade while another needs teacher improvement. Before this law, schools had to go through mounds of paper work and red tape to get the different funding. The president believes that each area knows the improvement needed and this will make it easier to get (No 2002). Not only do the schools get flexibility in their finances but also in their standards. In the fall of 2002, each state had its own standards for their schools. The standards are based on math and reading but will include science by the 2007-08 school year. The standards will also be on achievement of subgroups and teacher qualification (Spar 2003). They will be measured by their progress each year. The idea of these standards is to give schools 12 years to make every student who graduates have a mastery of basic skills (No 2002). Even though the schools are given all this flexibility, they will also be held accountable for all their choices. Each year the state will produce a report card on the progress in their schools. The report card will be based on a test that students take at every school. These tests will be given to every student in... Free Essays on No Child Left Behind On January 8, 2002, President George W. Bush signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act (Public Law 107-110). Because the U.S. Constitution does not designate a public education role for the federal government, the responsibility of K – 12 education is in the hands of each individual state. The federal government, who has an interest in the quality of the nation’s public schools, has passed legislature to provide assistance to the states and schools. The No Child Left Behind Act builds on the foundation of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), first passed in 1965, whose primary purpose was to improve educational opportunity for economically disadvantaged students. In researching the topic of NCLB I have found many differing opinions, both positive and negative, regarding the act as well as it’s implications on our nation as a whole. In order to fully explore this topic we must first attempt to understand the goals of the No Child Left Behind Act. Once we have reviewed this we can then explore its affects thus far, long term affects, opposing views and how we can make this law work for us as both educators and parents. Before we can discuss the No Child Left Behind Act in great detail we must first understand the act which it is a revision of. The ESEA or Elementary and Secondary Education Act was first passed in 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson. The ESEA was President Johnson’s first bill in his War on Poverty program. In 1966 an amendment to the ESEA added Title VI. This amendment added grants for â€Å"handicapped† children but in 1970 broke off from the ESEA. It is now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Act. Throughout the history of the ESEA the federal government expanded the act to include bilingual education, minority education, education in correctional facilities, safe and drug free schools, arts education, library and media services, neglected and delinquent youth, as...

Analyzing The Micro Business Environment For Tesco Marketing Essay

Analyzing The Micro Business Environment For Tesco Marketing Essay My organisation for this assignment is â€Å"Tesco†. It is leading food and grocery retailers on the planet. The aim of this essay is to analysing the micro business environment, Identify the core resources and competences of the organisation, Evaluate the organisation’s strategic choices and justification of the strategy of the company. I have used Strategic evaluation tools such as PESTEL, SWOT and others. Tesco is among the biggest food retailers in the world with returns in surplus of  £54 billion in 2009 and over 470,000 workers. It has 4,331 stores in 14 countries.   The company’s Head Office is based in Hertfordshire, UK and operates mainly in the USA, Europe and Asia(www.tescoplc.com ). PESTEL Analysis (J. L. Fowle, September ,1993), analyses the vibrant and erratic environment in which company operates by classifying the forces that have the most influence on its performance, Influences Company has, to achieve strategically success. Porter’s Five forces can also be used to analysis competitive environment. However these forces becomes interrelated at some times. And its Tesco’s vision to expand globally, encouraged me to use PESTEL forces analysis rather than any other model. Political decision has always been at watch by companies like Tesco. China is one of the world most profitable market, worth over 1.3 billon, Now it has open it door for world and encouraging Western companies. Tesco has managed to signed agreement in 2009 to set up thought-out series of joint ventures for development of shopping malls in i.e. Anshan, Fushun and Qinhuangdao(http://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/ ).By end of 2010 18 more hypermarkets are expected to open in China(http://www.investis.com/ ).   Such rises of Tesco’s international business segment are predicted to account the company’s profit for one quarter. In 2004 immersion of 10 further countries into the EU took place, encouraging trade between Western and Eastern Europ ean countries(http://www.eu-27watch.org/ ).Helped Company to enter into new market, and increase its market share across Europe. Economic forces are of great concern to any company as they impact directly on the buying behaviour of its customers. The UK economy was officially declared under recession in 2008, the government’s was successful in minimising the rises in unemployment by considerable reduction in interest rates during 2009 (www.euromonitor.com ). This has given rise in spending power of English people,but both sales value and margins are effected as consumers are not or less likely to divert their spending on more of premium or high value goods. According Maslow hierarchy of need consumers would be at top of Basic need. (http://www.ict-learningnow.com). But retailers like Tesco would still be benefited, as their low price strategy would encourage its customers to shop from Stores and cook and dine home rather than spending more on restaurants(www.guardian.co.uk ).   As we all know that food is the last thing that customers will sacrifices .   The percentage of overall consumer spending on food has risen over the years. Social forces are quite obvious as Man is Social Animal. An analysis has proven that the UK has the Baby Boom generation and latest medical facility by NHS Trust has reduced the death rate too(www.statistics.gov.uk ).This means that more retired people eats less and less spending power. It’s not expected of them to travel to supermarket for shopping and at the age of 65 internet literacy level go down, But it is still assumed that online shopping is and would be the only convenient way of shopping for older age people.   The ageing population is discouraging for the food retailers older people tend to eat less. Company still have to bear in mind the ineffective and expensive small deliveries. However taste and preferences of consumers should always bear in mind when strategies are framed. As mentioned on Economica l forces, high value goods would be avoided but the standard of leaving would have great influence.